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Onychomycosis or advanced nail fungus.Signs, types, treatments

According to medical statistics, onychomycosis or fungal damage are a very common nail disease, often it becomes an advanced form.

Nail fungus - what is it?

Onychomycosis is the fungal damage to the nails caused by different types of microorganisms, mainly DermatophyteSSuch pathogens can live and multiply in a favorable environment for them. The disease is contagious, For this reason, both dermatologists and infectious disease specialists are addressed for its treatment.

Most often, the infection is found in public baths, saunas, pools.The development of fungal lesions can also be provoked by nail injury, secondary immunodeficiency and disorders in antibiotics.

   In the early stages of the development of the disease, the following symptoms are carried out:

  • barely noticeable spots and strips of nails (1 degree of damage);
  • Peeling of the skin and cracks of the fingers and in interdigital areas;
  • the nail shine is lost;
  • The color of the nails changes;
  • The surface of the nail is deformed.

Usually people do not pay attention to these signs. In the absence of treatment, the development of a fungal lesion occurs in the advanced stagewhen microorganisms are introduced into the nails and lead their vital activity, which is already below it.At this stage It is difficult to get rid of the diseasesince the nail becomes a "haven" form of fungi from the effects of local drugs.

Causes of the advanced stage of onychomycosis

The main reasons for the transition to the neglected shape of the nail sponge are:

  • Ineffective drugs -often the use of various antifungal varnishes and poorly acting creams in the treatment of fungal damage to the nails;
  • untimely treatment;
  • Self -self -esteem.

Damage to nail fungus is not as safe as it sometimes seems. The active development of microorganisms can lead to their entry into the blood and tissues of the internal organsWhat affects the work of immunity.There is an increase in the risk of infection with viral and infectious diseases.

Also Recurrence of the disease is possibleSThis happens when the patient was not completely treated, did not fully follow the doctor's recommendations, with the development of medicines for drugs and ignoring patients with preventative measures.

What is the danger of a neglected shape of the nail sponge?

The development of nail fungus to neglected form leads to such consequences as:

  • reduction of immunity;
  • Increasing the risk of viral and infectious diseases;
  • penetration of fungi into the blood and internal organs;
  • varieties of dermatitis, eczema;
  • exacerbation of chronic diseases;
  • the risk of the transition of the fungus to the skin;
  • The development of allergic reactions to toxins is the appearance of asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis.

Sideways Neurological disorders There are disorders of emotional origin: The onset of depression, neurosis, frequent irritability.

When finding nail fungus It is important to perform proper treatment This pathology, adherence to daily hygiene, as well as prevention for all family members, as the disease is very contagious.

Hygienic procedures for fungal lesions include the use of Nail baths with the addition of soda, vinegar, sea salt, potassium permanganate, herbal decoctionSIt is also important to change socks, wipe your feet and area between your toes after washing.

Fungus

The most common pathogens of onychomycosis are Dermatophyte mushrooms - About 86% of all cases.Much less the disease can cause mushrooms of yeast and mildewSThe nail lesion can be observed, the source of which is immediately 2 or 3 types of pathogens.

The most common onhomytosis is caused by such varieties of microorganisms:

  • dermatophytes;
  • forms;
  • Yeast mushrooms.

Nail penetration occurs most often through its side part, damaged skin and nails.These microorganisms are not able to stand up to the body With reduced immunity. Dermatophytes cause a change in the structure of the nail by the formation of cavities and ducts in it.

Nail damage can be caused and formsBut quite rarely.When diagnosing the disease in this case It is possible to make it difficult to determine the pathogen,,,,,,,,, that characteristic symptoms are usually absent.In this situation can only help Bacteriological analysis. Onychomycosis, caused by mushrooms of mold, is different from the treatment of nail damage from other microorganisms.

Among the yeast onychomycosis most often causes mushrooms CandidateSWithin the norm, they are located on the skin and mucous membranes of each person. Provocative factor For the development of nail damage, yeast fungus is also Weakening of immunitySDestroying the nail as a result of the activity of such microorganisms comes from its base, to the cuticleS

Signs of fungi in advanced shape

The following characteristics are characterized by the advanced form of the disease:

  1. Deforming nail plates with thickening or thinning.The growth of the stratuminal layer prevents the effect of fungi of medicines.
  2. Relaxing, nail destruction.
  3. Changing the color of the nails, which can be different: from greyish-yellow to brown and black.This is due to the stratification of the nail, as the fungi, dirt, dead skin flakes penetrate it.
  4. In the area between the fingers, the skin is red with signs of peeling, itching and pain.
  5. More than two nails are affected.
  6. Release the nail from the nails or its complete destruction.

Complications

Nail fungus switches to a neglected form Hazardous the fact that the active development of these microorganisms leads to a large number of toxic products they produceS

As a result, serious somatic diseases can develop:

  • Toxicoderma;
  • Toxic hepatopathy;
  • Layella syndrome.

Also The disease is dangerous to thosethat in the absence of proper treatment or improper progression therapy may lead to Complete nail destruction.

Skin lesion With a fungal infection are also Complication: Red rashes appear on the body, the patient feels burning and itching, after a while, areas that release transparent fluid at the site of the rash.

Most undesirable complication The spread of fungal infection is In the internal organs, since this development of the disease treatment will be severe and long.

Groups of risk

The following groups of people are distinguished by the most spruce to the development of fungal damage to the nails:

  1. Elderly And old age.

Factors that provoke the fungus of such persons:

  • changes in the skin associated with age;
  • increased sweat;
  • the presence of concomitant diseases;
  • taking medicines that weaken the body (antibiotics, corticosteroids);
  • hormonal disorders;
  • Gastrointestinal disorders.
  1. Male faces, Especially military, athletes (Due to the long -term wearing of special shoes, changing rooms, ordinary soul).
  2. People who have A family member suffers from a fungal defeat Kraki.
  3. Residents of the city (From Reason to visit public places, such as swimming pools, bathrooms, saunas, gyms, manicure and pedicure salons with insufficient disinfection).

Varieties of drugs

Treatment of fungi in advanced form should be exhaustiveSAfter examining and conducting the necessary tests, the doctor prescribes the following types of medicines:

  • Systemic Actions Medicines - fungi tablets taken inside;
  • Local preparations - ointments, varnishes and creams applied to the affected areas;
  • agents for overall strengthening of the body and vitamins;
  • If needed - Nail removal (in particularly severe cases).

Description and methods of using medication

A serious approach - The key to the successful treatment of fungi in advanced shape.Patients who regularly use medicines prescribed by the doctor without going through use are the best results. With mismatch with medical recommendations The fungus can be purchased Drug resistance And you should choose new medicines that will lead to additional difficultiesS

General Rules for Use of Medicines:

  • varnishes, gels and ointments are applied only to the purified and the dried surface of the nails;
  • All medicines for external use They are used regularly: Once or twice a day (accurate information can be read in the drug instructions);
  • Before you apply lacquer or ointment on the nail, It is necessary to save it as much as possible than damaged tissue and nearby nail areas;
  • The use of lacquer - 2 times in 7 days;
  • Do not use pregnant women and children Local medicines prohibited by instructions, tablet drugs for such patients are prohibited;
  • Apply Local nail drugs should be regularly throughout the year or longer;
  • Take tablets only as prescribed by a doctor;
  • The frequency of application tablets - one or several times a day for about 7 days. Then follows break over a period of about 3 weeks (depending on the drug);
  • During the treatment You can't drink alcohol;
  • Parallel use is sometimes required medicationReduce the harmful Influence on the liverS

Types of nail removal

Remove the affected nail It is performed if medication treatment does not carry resultsSThis procedure is necessary so that there is a possibility of growing a new healthy nail.

The standard method of removing the affected nail plate is Surgery Use of anesthesia to avoid pain.In the process, the entire nail, and only its part, subordinated to the fungus can be removed.

At will Remove the nail without unnecessary discomfort You can choose hardware pedicureSThis method is performed in sterile conditions of a medical institution.He is in nail With the help of various nozzles and cutters on the device.The procedure is absolutely done painlessly With pre -softening the nails with special solutions.After removing the affected areas, the ointment and dressing are applied to the treated area fixed with a patch.

The nail plate can also be removed Chemical - At the affected location, it is deposited Keratolic patch And has not been removed within 2-3 days.During this time, the layer of the nail layer dissolves.

With a small area of fungal damage is possible A method of removing homeSWill first be required Nail burning And if necessary, use special varnishes to soften its surface.Then Using pedicure accessories The affected part of the nail is removed. The method is not suitable for complete removal nails.

Remove the nail with a laser

Laser removal - The most commonly used method in the treatment working fungus Nails.Yes The advantages of the procedure are its painless And the ability to eliminate the focus of the infection at any depth.

The advantages of this method are also:

  • The safety and accuracy of the method - Laser removes affected areas only without falling on adjacent tissues and Disinfects the wound In the area of nails to eliminate the risk of infection;
  • Lack of painSince the method refers to minimally invasive;
  • The short duration of the procedure - Removing one nail lasts only a few minutes;
  • High efficiency;
  • The relatively low cost of the procedure is his accessibilityS

Contraindications To carry out laser nail removal is the presence Decompensated diabetes mellitus, malignant tumors, inflammatory processes and viral infections In the body.You cannot perform the procedure and with Pregnancy.

The day before laser removal of the legs should be stewed.After the bathroom with soda and household soap, it should file and cut the surface of the nail as much as possibleS

When laser removal of the nail in a place affected by the sponge, the heat is felt.About 10 procedures will be required to complete a neglected form.

The disadvantages of nail removal

Often, after nail removal, unwanted consequences occur:

  • Growing a new nail In the nail bed - type "side effect";
  • possibly Wound infection after surgical removal (To avoid this, you need to change the dressing on time and use different ointments with antimicrobial effects);
  • possibly Deformation of new nailsS

In the case of nail and wound infection, medical attention should be sought.

Nail fungus during pregnancy

The main factors that provoke onychomycosis during pregnancy:

  • Lack of trace elements - potassium, magnesium, phosphorus and others;
  • weakening of the body's immune forces;
  • increased sweating;
  • impaired blood circulation in the legs;
  • Diabetes.

For the fetus the danger lies in the possible manifestation of the disease at birth, as well as its transition to chronic form.

Fungal treatment characteristics during pregnancy

The difficulty of treatment Onychomycosis during pregnancy It consists of the ban on most modern medicines. This measure is necessary to avoid harm to the fetus as such drugs are toxic.It is best to get rid of the sponge after birth.

In the event of a danger of fungal lesions, a special symptomatic treatment for the fetus is sometimes prescribedSMost often it consists of folk methods that can easily be done at home.

Suicide during pregnancy is not allowed - Only an experienced doctor should compile a therapy scheme.

General treatment for the treatment of fungi during pregnancy:

  • Softening the affected areas by applying oil jelly on them before you go to bed, the compress is left until the morning;
  • In the morning, they make a warm bath with the addition of soap and soda;
  • jump from the affected part of the nail and keratinized skin;
  • Apply local medicines prescribed by your doctor.

The course of treatment of nail fungus during pregnancy should not exceed 30 days.

Hydrogen peroxide against the sponge

Hydrogen peroxide for onychomycosis is used in complex therapy for disinfection of the affected area and destruction of germs, The substance is unable to kill the spongeSThis fluid is good for further treatment of the damaged area.

The advantage of peroxide is that it can be used by pregnant women.

This tool is used as follows:

  • Make a bath with hot water and add copper sulfate to suffocate damaged nail areas;
  • Wipe the skin dry;
  • The peroxide is moistened abundantly with a cotton pad and applied to the wounded nail and then fixed with a bandage;
  • After 40 minutes, the compress is removed, the softened keratinized layer is scraped by the illuminated nails and the topical antifungal medicine prescribed by the doctor is administered.

Such procedures are performed 2 times a day: in the morning and before bedtime.

Hydrogen peroxide can be used otherwise.You will need 2 liters of water and 100 ml of hydrogen peroxide.The liquids are mixed and the legs are immersed in the resulting solution for half an hour.Then the legs are deleted dry, the affected areas are cut off, therapeutic ointment is applied.

Nail fungus in children

Onychomycosis in children often occurs due to weakening of immunity. Another provocative factor is the insufficient thickness of the skin, which is why the risk of infection with a fungus in childhood increases significantly.

In the treatment of nail fungus Children use local drugs: ointments, creams.They are used 1 or 2 times a day, the amount of use depends on the degree of damage.The specificity of these drugs is that they do not penetrate the blood and They do not harm the child's body.

As a systemic medicines, the doctor may prescribe medicines in the form of capsules, tablets, syrups.The purpose of intramuscular or intravenous injections is also possible.Treatment can be both outpatient and stationary.

System preparation have a negative effect on the kidneys and liver of the childTherefore, they are extremely rarely prescribed when local medicines are ineffective.

Domestic

In the treatment of advanced shape, the fungus can be The following folk recipes are effectiveSSome of them:

  • Domestic ointment: You will need 200 g of butter, raw chicken egg, along with a shell, 100 g of acetic acid (70%).The first two ingredients are mixed, the third is poured without mixing, covered with a lid placed in the refrigerator for 7 days.After dissolving the egg sheath, the product is thoroughly mixed. Keep the refrigerator.
  • Kalamus (15 g) roots are poured 250 ml of boiling water, the infusion is aged for half an hour under a thick lid. Drink medicine 60 ml 4 times a dayS You can use kalamus baths.In 250 ml of boiling water, fall asleep 30 g of raw materials, let it cook for half an hour.In the resulting liquid for 15 minutes, keep the nail plaques affected by the fungus. After 7 procedures, they will break up. In parallel treatment, it is possible to get rid of the fungus for 1.5 months to get rid of the disease.
  • Take ash of 3 cigarettes, mix it from 0.5 tsp.Fluorian toothpaste. Make compresses With this medicine for the night, the next morning to wash.
  • Propolis tincture: The joints of the plant gold mustache (50 pcs.) Pour 500 ml of vodka, insist on 14 days.For treatment, take 3 parts water and 1 part of the tincture of gold mustaches, mix and apply on the affected nails twice a day.
  • 15 g of sealandine, 30 g of lilac flowers, 45 g of chopped oak bark are mixed.The dry mixture is poured with 500 ml of water boiled for an hour. Compresses with this infusion applied to damaged nail plates, Fixed with dressings.Treatment continues until full recovery.

All folk treatments should only be used after consultation with a specialist after their approval.

Prevention measures

In order to avoid re -infection with a fungus, the following recommendations must be followed:

  • Carefully monitor the rules of personal hygiene;
  • Perform a daily disinfection of shoes with the help of special UV dryers to destroy the fungi in it;
  • Do not go barefoot in public (baths, saunas or pools), after visiting and water procedures, use antifungal ointments and creams;
  • Do not wear someone's shoes and knitwear.

A comprehensive approach to treatment, as well as compliance with the above rules, will contribute to the rapid treatment and prevention of nail fungus.